1. S₁: Progress and success are attained in slow degrees.
S₆: However, we must realise the truth that perfection is attained in slow proportions to the amount of labour put in by us.

P: But slow progress makes us grow impatient, disheartened and discouraged.
Q: The general tendency is to find fault with the system.
R: It is for this reason that people condemn and criticise the government.
S: People expect miracles and nothing short of a magical transformation can convince them.

2. S₁: While talking to a group, one should feel self- confident and courageous.
S₆: Any man can develop his capacity if he has the desire to do so.

P: Nor is it a gift bestowed by providence on only a few.
Q: One should also learn how to think calmly and clearly.
R: It is like the ability to play golf.
S: It is not as difficult as most men imagine.

3. S₁: Different countries show different patterns of growth.
S₆: Compared to this in Europe the growth rate is low.

P: Many, others have a high birth rate with a low death rate.
Q: Some have a high birth rate and still have a high death rate.
R: The developing countries show the most rapid growth rate.
S: Some others like the European nations, have a low birth rate and a low death rate.

4. S₁: For some time in his youth, Abraham Lincoln was manager of a shop.
S₆: Never before had Lincoln had so much time for reading as he had then.

P: Then a chance customer would come.
Q: Young Lincoln's way of keeping shop was entirely unlike anyone else's.
R: Lincoln would jump up and attend to his needs and then revert to his needs.
S: He used to lie full length on the counter of the shop eagerly reading a book.

5. S₁: The 'age of computers' is considered to have begun in 1946.
S₆: And now it is difficult to find a field where computers are not used.

P: Those early computers were huge and heavy affairs, with problems of speed and size.
Q: It was only with the introduction of electronics that the computers really came of age.
R: But computers were in use long before that.
S: They had several rotating shafts and gears which almost always doomed them to slow operation.

6. S₁: Hungary, with a population of about ten million, lies between Czechoslovakia to the north and Yugoslavia to the south.
S₆: The new industries derive mainly from agricultural production.

P: Here a great deal of grain is grown.
Q: In recent years, however, progress has been made also in the field of industrialisation.
R: Most of this country consists of an extremely fertile plain, through which the river Danube flows.
S: In addition to grain, the plain produces potatoes, sugar, wine and livestock.

7. S₁: The houses in the Indus Valley were built of baked bricks.
S₆: They led outside into covered sewers which ran down the side of the streets.

P: This staircase sometimes continued upwards on to the roof.
Q: Access to the upstairs rooms was by a narrow stone staircase at the back of the house.
R: The drains were incorporated in the walls.
S: The houses had bathrooms and water closets, rubbish chutes and excellent drainage systems.

8. S₁: During the Middle Ages the manufacture of cloth was divided amongst a number of associations of skilled workers who performed different operations required ih its production.
S₆: This was one of the reasons why the industry flourished in such rich countries as Flanders, Italy and Britain.

P: But the association of skilled workers lacked capital to buy it.
Q: Consequently, he began to assume the role of ther employer.
R: With the mechanisation of these operations, complicated apparatus became necessary for economic production.
S: The banker, therefore, stepped in to finance the industrialisation of these operations.

9. S₁: The path of Venus lies inside, the path of the Earth.
S₆: When at, its brightest, it, is easily seen with the naked eye in broad daylight.

P: When at its farthest from the Earth, Venus is 160 million miles away.
Q: With such a wide range between its greatest and least distances it is natural that at sometimes Venus appears much brighter than others.
R: No other body ever comes so near the Earth, with the exception of the.Moon and an occasional comet or asteroid.
S: When Venus is at its nearest to the Earth, it is only 26 million miles away.

10. S₁: A certain young man was entrusted to the care of a teacher.
S₆: The teacher asked him to wait.

P: This dullard will come to grief if L send him away without a single lesson, thought the teacher.
Q: He was so dull of mind that he could not, even in three months, time, learn as much as a single lesson.
R: The young man came to ask the teacher's permission to go home.
S: It's my business to provide a good education to my pupils, to get on in life.